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Pendaftaran SNPTN UNIMED



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Sekilas Info Seputar SNMPTN 2009 – bag 1 April 7, 2009
Posted by snmptn in informasi snmptn 2009.
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Persyaratan Snmptn 2009

A. Seleksi :

1. Lulus Ujian Nasional SMA/MA/SMK/MAK atau yang setara tahun 2007, 2008 dan 2009.
2. Bagi calon peserta lulusan paket C harus menyerahkan fotokopi rapor tiga tahun terakhir.
3. Memiliki kesehatan yang memadai sehingga tidak mengganggu kelancaran proses belajar mengajar di Perguruan Tinggi.
4. Tidak buta warna bagi program studi tertentu.

B. Penerimaan :

Lulus Ujian Nasional, lulus SNMPTN 2009, dan sehat.

Lokasi Pendaftaran

A. WILAYAH I:

1. Panitia Lokal – Banda Aceh meliputi :
* Universitas Syiah Kuala (UNSYIAH)
* Universitas Malikussaleh (UNIMAL)
2. Panitia Lokal – UNIMED Medan
* Universitas Negeri Medan (UNIMED)
3. Panitia Lokal – USU Medan
* Universitas Sumatera Utara (USU)
4. Panitia Lokal – Padang meliputi
* Universitas Negeri Padang (UNP)
* Universitas Andalas (UNAND)
5. Panitia Lokal – Pekanbaru meliputi :
* Universitas Riau (UNRI)
* Universitas Islam Negeri Riau (UIN Riau)


6. Panitia Lokal – Jambi
* Universitas Jambi (UNJA)
7. Panitia Lokal – Palembang
* Universitas Sriwijaya (UNSRI)
8. Panitia Lokal – Bengkulu
* Universitas Bengkulu (UNIB)
9. Panitia Lokal – Tanjungkarang
* Universitas Lampung (UNILA)
10. Panitia Lokal – Jakarta meliputi :
* Universitas Negeri Jakarta (UNJ)
* Universitas Indonesia (UI)
* Universitas Islam Negeri Jakarta (UIN Jakarta)
11. Panitia Lokal – Bogor
* Institut Pertanian Bogor (IPB)
12. Panitia Lokal – Bandung meliputi :
* Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia (UPI)
* Institut Teknologi Bandung (ITB)
* Universitas Padjadjaran (UNPAD)
* Universitas Islam Negeri Bandung (UIN Bandung)
13. Panitia Lokal – Banten
* Universitas Sultan Ageng Tirtayasa (UNTIRTA)
14. Panitia Lokal – Pontianak
* Universitas Tanjungpura (UNTAN)
15. Panitia Lokal Khusus Luar Negeri
* KBRI Kuala Lumpur

B. WILAYAH II:

1. Panitia Lokal – Purwokerto
* Universitas Jenderal Soedirman (UNSOED)
2. Panitia Lokal – Semarang meliputi :
* Universitas Negeri Semarang (UNNES)
* Universitas Diponegoro (UNDIP)
3. Panitia Lokal – Surakarta
* Universitas Sebelas Maret (UNS)
4. Panitia Lokal – Yogyakarta meliputi :
* Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta (UNY)
* Universitas Gadjah Mada (UGM)
* Universitas Islam Negeri Sunan Kalijaga (UIN Yogyakarta)

C. WILAYAH III:

1. Panitia Lokal – Surabaya meliputi :
* Universitas Negeri Surabaya (UNESA)
* Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember (ITS)
* Universitas Airlangga (UNAIR)
* Universitas Trunojoyo (UNIJOYO)
* Institut Agama Islam Negeri Sunan Ampel
2. Panitia Lokal – Malang meliputi :
* Universitas Negeri Malang (UM)
* Universitas Brawijaya (UB)
* Universitas Islam Negeri Malang (UIN Malang)
3. Panitia Lokal – Jember
* Universitas Jember (UNEJ)
4. Panitia Lokal – Denpasar
* Universitas Udayana (UNUD)
5. Panitia Lokal – Singaraja
* Universitas Pendidikan Ganesha (UNDIKSHA)
6. Panitia Lokal – Mataram
* Universitas Mataram (UNRAM)
7. Panitia Lokal – Kupang
* Universitas Nusa Cendana (UNDANA)
8. Panitia Lokal – Palangka Raya
* Universitas Palangka Raya (UNPAR)
9. Panitia Lokal – Banjarmasin
* Universitas Lambung Mangkurat (UNLAM)
10. Panitia Lokal – Samarinda
* Universitas Mulawarman (UNMUL)

C. WILAYAH III:

1. Panitia Lokal – Surabaya meliputi :
* Universitas Negeri Surabaya (UNESA)
* Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember (ITS)
* Universitas Airlangga (UNAIR)
* Universitas Trunojoyo (UNIJOYO)
* Institut Agama Islam Negeri Sunan Ampel
2. Panitia Lokal – Malang meliputi :
* Universitas Negeri Malang (UM)
* Universitas Brawijaya (UB)
* Universitas Islam Negeri Malang (UIN Malang)
3. Panitia Lokal – Jember
* Universitas Jember (UNEJ)
4. Panitia Lokal – Denpasar
* Universitas Udayana (UNUD)
5. Panitia Lokal – Singaraja
* Universitas Pendidikan Ganesha (UNDIKSHA)
6. Panitia Lokal – Mataram
* Universitas Mataram (UNRAM)
7. Panitia Lokal – Kupang
* Universitas Nusa Cendana (UNDANA)
8. Panitia Lokal – Palangka Raya
* Universitas Palangka Raya (UNPAR)
9. Panitia Lokal – Banjarmasin
* Universitas Lambung Mangkurat (UNLAM)
10. Panitia Lokal – Samarinda
* Universitas Mulawarman (UNMUL)

D. WILAYAH IV:

1. Panitia Lokal – UNM Makassar meliputi :
* Universitas Negeri Makassar (UNM)
* Universitas Islam Negeri Alauddin Makassar (UIN Makassar)
2. Panitia Lokal – UNHAS Makassar
* Universitas Hasanuddin (UNHAS)
3. Panitia Lokal – Palu
* Universitas Tadulako (UNTAD)
4. Panitia Lokal – Kendari
* Universitas Haluoleo (UNHALU)
5. Panitia Lokal – Gorontalo
* Universitas Negeri Gorontalo (UNG)
6. Panitia Lokal – Tondano
* Universitas Negeri Manado (UNIMA)
7. Panitia Lokal – Manado
* Universitas Sam Ratulangi (UNSRAT)
8. Panitia Lokal – Ambon
* Universitas Pattimura (UNPATTI)
9. Panitia Lokal – Jayapura
* Universitas Cenderawasih (UNCEN)
10. Panitia Lokal – Ternate
* Universitas Khairun (UNKHAIR)
11. Panitia Lokal – Manokwari
* Universitas Negeri Papua (UNIPA)

Jadwal Ujian Snmptn 2009

1. Ujian Tulis
* Rabu, 1 Juli 2009:
o Tes Potensi Akademik
o Tes Bidang Studi Dasar
* Kamis, 2 Juli 2009:
o Tes Bidang Studi IPA
o Tes Bidang Studi IPS
2. Uji Keterampilan
* Pendaftaran Uji Keterampilan dilaksanakan pada tanggal 4 Juli 2009 dan pelaksanaan Uji Keterampilan pada tanggal 8 Juli 2009.

Biaya Ujian

1. Rp150.000,00 ( Seratus lima puluh ribu rupiah) per peserta untuk kelompok IPA atau Kelompok IPS.
2. Rp175.000,00 (Seratus tujuh puluh lima ribu rupiah) per peserta untuk kelompok IPC ( IPA + IPS).
3. Biaya tersebut disetor ke Bank Mandiri. Biaya yang sudah disetor tersebut tidak dapat ditarik kembali dengan alasan apapun.

…….. bersambung

Possibly related posts: (automatically generated)

* SNMPTN Tahun Akademik 2008/2009 | ‘SNMPTN’ | senamptn
* Numpang Promosi..!
* Jangan ada diskriminasi dalam pendidikan (No discrimination for education)
* DAFTAR TIM KRCI 2008 REGIONAL IV



HUB. 081264567891

Minggu, 25 Januari 2009

blue dragon

Blue Dragon
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
For other uses, see Blue Dragon (disambiguation).
Blue Dragon


Developer(s) Mistwalker, Artoon
Publisher(s) Microsoft Game Studios
Designer(s) Hironobu Sakaguchi
Artist(s) Akira Toriyama
Composer(s) Nobuo Uematsu
Platform(s) Xbox 360
Release date(s) JP December 7, 2006
EU August 24, 2007
NA August 28, 2007
AUS August 30, 2007

Genre(s) Console role-playing game
Mode(s) Single-player, Xbox Live
Rating(s) CERO: A
ESRB: T
OFLC: PG
PEGI: 12+

Media 3 DVD-DL
Blue Dragon (BLUE DRAGON-ブルードラゴン, Blue Dragon? romanized as BLUE DRAGON in Japan) is a console role-playing game developed by Mistwalker and Artoon and distributed by Microsoft Game Studios exclusively for the Xbox 360. Blue Dragon is based on a design by Final Fantasy series creator Hironobu Sakaguchi, who also supervised development and wrote the plot.[1] The game was released in Japan on December 7, 2006, in Europe on August 24, 2007 and in North America on August 28, 2007.

Blue Dragon follows the story of five friends: Shu, Jiro, Kluke, Zola, and Marumaro, as they travel across the world to confront the evil King of the Grand Kingdom, Nene. The setting inspired separate anime and manga adaptations, although these follow the story to different degrees and feature a different cast of characters. The game follows a traditional role-playing design, based around exploration and turn-based combat, with turn speed modified by characters' agility.

Blue Dragon is the first Xbox 360 title to make use of three disks.[2] It was also the longest Xbox 360 game until Lost Odyssey was released with a story spanning four disks. Overall, the game has received a positive reception, with an average score of 79% on the review aggregator website Metacritic.[3] Blue Dragon was both applauded and criticized for its excellent adaptation of the traditional elements of role-playing games.[4] In Japan, Blue Dragon was sold both as a standalone game and in a bundle with the Xbox 360 (including the game, the Xbox 360 system itself, and a Blue Dragon faceplate).[5]

Contents [hide]
1 Gameplay
1.1 Exploration
1.2 Shadows
1.3 Combat
2 Plot
2.1 Characters
2.2 Story
3 Development
3.1 Audio
4 Cast
4.1 English Cast
5 Manga and anime
6 Reception
7 References
8 External links



[edit] Gameplay
This section may require copy-editing for grammar, style, cohesion, tone or spelling. You can assist by editing it now. A how-to guide is available. (July 2008)

The gameplay of Blue Dragon is more traditional than many modern console role-playing games,[1] because the game uses turn-based combat and a number of genre-standard elements. The game world consists of a mix of towns and dungeon-like areas,[1] with the former having places to rest and purchase items, while the latter contain numerous foes to be defeated. Shortly after the beginning sections of the game, players gain the ability to "warp" to locations which they have previously visited, greatly reducing the amount of time spent wandering on foot.[1]


[edit] Exploration
The player can see (and potentially avoid) enemies while exploring the game world, unlike other games that rely upon random encounters. In some cases, specific foes will block a path or desired treasure chest and must be defeated to proceed. Other foes will pursue the player characters once spotted, but players can elude them if they flee far enough away. Frequently, a single enemy or monster displayed on the screen actually represents a number of different foes (of potentially different types).

Combat begins somewhat differently depending on how the player avatar makes contact with the monster. If the avatar strikes an enemy from behind, a "Back Attack" is initiated. Similarly, if the avatar is struck from behind, an unfavorable "Surprise Attack" occurs. Players can also choose to fight several groups of monsters at once, with each combat taking place immediately after the previous one. This is encouraged by awarding bonuses to the player after successfully defeating groups of monsters. In rare cases, two groups of monsters may be bitter enemies, in which case a "Monster Fight" will occur, with both monster groups appearing at once in a battle against each other.[1]


[edit] Shadows
The core mechanic in Blue Dragon is the use of magical blue shadows, with each player character having a distinct shadow modeled after either a dragon, a phoenix, a bat, a minotaur, or a Saber-toothed tiger. Each shadow can be assigned to a single character class (from a number of such classes) at a time, taking on the attributes and abilities of that class. Class levels or "ranks" are earned only for the active class, but players are free to change classes at any time except in combat, allowing the group's shadows to be customized in order to achieve the desired combination.[1]

As shadows increase in rank in a given class, they learn new skills, which can then be assigned to a limited number of skill slots. Shadows can be assigned previously learned skills regardless of their current class. For example, if a shadow is currently set to be an "Assassin", but has previously learned the ability to cast "Barrier Magic" while acting as a member of that class, the "Barrier Magic" skill can be set as an active skill. This allows mixing or hybridization, with the player able to pick and choose from among the skills known to a given shadow.[1]


[edit] Combat
Although combat in the game follows a strictly turn-based formula, the turn sequence of the combatants is calculated based on the agility of the character, and characters are allowed to take multiple turns before enemies can act if they are sufficiently quick. Different actions take different periods of time, so the turn order is not fixed even within a given combat session.[1]

One gameplay addition which adds to combat strategy is the "Charge Meter", which allows players to "charge up" spells or attacks by spending additional time preparing them. This meter is always used for spell casting, as well as when using the "Charge Attack" skill of the "Monk" class. Although players can choose to act immediately, an ability will become more effective the longer that the player charges it. Depending on the ability, this will result in more damage or a greater area of effect. However, the greater the amount of time one charges, the greater the time before the next turn. As a result of this, players can choose to charge up an ability so that the ability triggers shortly before an enemy acts, or can instead aim for a special "red area" on the bar (dubbed as the "Sweet spot" in game) indicating a charge that allows for less time until the next attack, as well as a smaller mana cost. Despite this, the "red area" is not always ideal. Overall, deciding on the correct amount of charge (and letting go of the button at precisely that time) can greatly influence the effectiveness of each characters's attacks during combat.[6]


[edit] Plot

[edit] Characters
Main article: List of characters in the Blue Dragon series

From left to right: Marumaro, Zola, Kluke, Shu, and Jiro.The five main characters of Blue Dragon are Shu, a 16-year-old boy;[7] Kluke, a mature and serious girl;[8] Jiro, an intelligent young man;[8] Marumaro, a member of the Devee Tribe;[9] and Zola, a powerful warrior of the Jibral Blademasters.[9] Both Shu and Kluke's parents were killed by the "Land Shark". The antagonists include Nene, an old alien-like man who runs the Gran Kingdom;[10] Deathroy, who enjoys his master Nene's malevolence;[11] and General Szabo, a robotic servant of Nene leading his robotic army.


[edit] Story
Please help improve this section by expanding it with:
Cover more than the prologue. Further information might be found on the talk page. (July 2008)

Blue Dragon takes place in a fictional open-world environment where every year for the past ten years, purple clouds have mysteriously appeared in the sky, signaling misfortune and disaster for people across the world.

For years, a terrifying beast dubbed the "Land Shark", came with the purple clouds, killing thousands of people and destroying a number of villages. At the beginning of the story, once again the purple clouds have arrived in Talta Village. As the clouds engulf the village, the villagers rush to seek shelter. Among them is Fushira, the grandfather of Shu. As he arrives at an emergency evacuation area, he asks the villagers if they've seen Shu, but none of them have. Then, as Fushira attempts to leave the area, he discovers friends Shu and Jiro confronting the Land Shark within the heart of the village. Working together, Shu and Jiro slow down the land shark, but encounter troubles and find themselves saved by Kluke. Together, the three lead the Land Shark into a net trap that they've previously set up and Shu closes in for the kill. However, as Shu approaches, the Land Shark breaks free from the net and rushes away, with Shu, Jiro and Kluke dangling from its back.

The three friends are dragged into an area of ancient ruins which they briefly explore. Shu discovers that the Land Shark wasn't actually a shark, and that it was instead a machine, a "mechat". Once more, the mechat comes to life, only this time sailing into the sky, again carrying the three with it. The party arrives at a giant mechat base in the clouds and are tossed into the throne room of Nene, the apparent leader. Nene explains to them how he enjoys hearing the screams of the dying victims of the Land Shark. Outraged, the party confronts Nene in battle, but is easily defeated. They are thrown out of the base and start to fall to their deaths, but Shu's determination saves their lives, with him shouting that he "will never give up". The party awakens back in the base. They then find three floating spheres in the middle of the room, where a voice commands, "Eat the spheres". The party refuses and is forced to fight an army of Nene's robots. As they attempt to flee, they discover another mechat, which is their last hope of escape. Given no other choice, and with the unseen voice promising them knowledge of how to pilot the mechat, the party eats the spheres. As they consume the spheres, a strange transformation occurs to each, changing the forms of their shadows. Shu's turns into a blue dragon, Jiro's, a blue minotaur, and Kluke's, a blue phoenix. They escape the base and crash in a desert.

Following this, they must journey through the world, locate the survivors of Talta Village, find and defeat Nene, and shut down his multiple mechat bases.


[edit] Development
Blue Dragon was first revealed on February 24, 2005 as one of two unnamed role-playing games in development by Mistwalker Studios for the console which later came to be known as the Xbox 360.[12] In an IGN interview following the unveiling, Peter Moore stressed the importance to Microsoft of having Japanese games available on the system, commenting "... It's a main priority for me in the next 12–18 months to ensure Japanese developers are our partners."[13]

Contributors to Blue Dragon include a number of well known Japanese figures in the gaming industry. The title's original story was written by Hironobu Sakaguchi, the game director of the first five Final Fantasy video games. It also features art from Akira Toriyama, the creator of Dragon Ball and visual character and monster designer and illustrator of both the Dragon Quest series and Chrono Trigger.[14]

Much of the actual software development work on the game was done at Artoon, with Takuya Matsumoto serving as director and Manabu Kusonoki responsible for the game's world view.[15] Matsumoto previously worked as a designer on Blinx 2: Masters of Time and Space, while Kusonoki is known for his work at Sega, including the world of Panzer Dragoon.[15] Near the end of November 2005, roughly a year before the title was released in Japan, Artoon's Naoto Ōshima indicated that the game was around 40% complete. He also pointed out that Artoon had previously been known primarily for action titles, so that responsibility for Blue Dragon was originally somewhat frightening.[16] Following this, a relative lack of media information for most of 2006 resulted in speculation that the title would be delayed until 2007, but Microsoft's Takashi Sensui confirmed in August 2006 that the game would indeed see a year-end 2006 release.[17]

In a November 2006 interview with IGN, Sakaguchi confirmed that the sequel, Blue Dragon 2, was in the planning stages, and would presumably start development shortly thereafter.[18] Later in an issue of Weekly Shōnen Jump, it was announced that Blue Dragon Plus is in the works for the Nintendo DS. This game will be a real-time simulation RPG and feature 2D sprite graphics.


[edit] Audio
Blue Dragon's score was produced and composed by Nobuo Uematsu, who is famous for composing much of the music in the popular Final Fantasy series. One of the boss themes, "Eternity", was written by Sakaguchi, composed by Uematsu, and includes vocals by English singer Ian Gillan.[19] Blue Dragon Original Soundtrack was released on December 13, 2006 and was arranged by Satoshi Henmi and Hiroyuki Nakayama. Music from Blue Dragon was performed live at the Play! A Video Game Symphony concerts in 2006.


[edit] Cast

[edit] English Cast
Joey D'Auria - Hineto, Lago Village Chief, Talta Village Chief
Richard Epcar - Heat-Wave Sai, Jeelala, King Ghost
Melissa Fahn - Kakura, Lago Village Child, Noluta Village Child, Suru-Suru
Nika Futterman - Marumaro
Richard Herd - Nene
Will Matthews - Deathroy/Destroy
Mona Marshall - Shu
Michael McConnohie - Jiro's Father, Marumaro's Father, Yasato
Tara Platt - Child, Female Villager
Philip Proctor -
Sam Riegel - King Jibral, Turbulent Mai
Cindy Robinson - Zola
Philece Sampler - Child, Female Villager
Stephanie Sheh - Paches Town Child, Samila
Steve Staley - Jiro, Raging Kesu
Ellyn Stern - Jiro's Mother, Marumaro's Mother
Kim Strauss - Guru-Guru, Paches Townsperson, Silent Ku
Tara Strong - Kluke
Fred Tatasciore - General Szabo, Guard, Soldier

[edit] Manga and anime
See also: Blue Dragon Ral Grad and List of Blue Dragon episodes
On November 12, 2006, Shueisha announced that a manga adaptation of Blue Dragon would be produced. Blue Dragon: Secret Trick is drawn by Shibata Ami and was scheduled to premiere in Monthly Shōnen Jump in January 2007.[20] Takeshi Obata, the illustrator of Death Note is handling Blue Dragon Ral Grad, which began serialization in issue 1 2007 of Weekly Shōnen Jump.[21] Viz Media later released the first volume of the manga as simply "Ral Grad" in February 2008.[22]

An anime adaptation directed by Yukihiro Matsushita, animated by Studio Pierrot and co-produced by SKY Perfect Wellthink, TV Tokyo and Pierrot was announced in November 2006. The anime began airing April 7, 2007, featuring a different vocal cast than that used for the game. It also ignored most of the game's plot. It airs on TV Tokyo, and ran for 51 episodes. A second season of Blue Dragon Blue Dragon: The Seven Sky Dragons (BLUE DRAGON 天界の七竜, Burū Doragon: Tenkai no Shichiryū?) premiered on TV Tokyo on April 5, 2008.

On April 16, 2007, Viz Media announced that it had licensed the anime for release in North America and Europe.[23] An edited English language dub of the series premiered in the United States on Cartoon Network, on April 5, 2008 where it aired until it was canceled in July 2008.[citation needed] Episodes continued airing on Toonami Jetstream. The English dub also aired on Canada's YTV from September 6, 2008 through December 6, 2008. Viz began releasing the edited English dub episodes to DVD in 2008.[citation needed] The series is also licensed for release in Australia and New Zealand by Magna Pacific.


[edit] Reception
[hide] Reception

Review scores
Publication Score
1UP.com C+[24]
Eurogamer 5 out of 10[25]
Game Informer 9 out of 10[6]
GamePro 4.4 out of 5[26]
GameSpot 6.0 out of 10[27]
GameSpy 4 out of 5[28]
IGN 7.9 out of 10[29]
X-Play [4]

Aggregate scores
Aggregator Score
Game Rankings 78%[3]
Metacritic 79 out of 100[30]

Pre-orders of Blue Dragon bundled with a limited edition Xbox 360 Core system were sold out in Japan well before the December 7, 2006 release date.[31] Microsoft and Mistwalker initially hoped to sell over 200,000 copies,[32] which would break their record for sales of an Xbox 360 game in Japan. The game did manage the goal, with almost exactly 200,000 copies sold as of December 27, 2007.[33] Creator Hironobu Sakaguchi was pleased the game sold as well as it did.[34]

Reviews for Blue Dragon have been somewhat mixed, although generally favorable. On the review aggregator Game Rankings, the game had an average score of 78% based on 64 reviews.[3] While many of the reviewers praised the game for its traditional approach, a few reviewers criticized it for that very reason, with one reviewer remarking "In fact, there is very little you can point to in Blue Dragon that hasn't been done multiple times over before".[29] The story also came under scrutiny from some reviewers for being too generic and too similar to existing Japanese RPGs, with slow pacing during the beginning of the game.[29] Eurogamer noted that the apparent lack of effort put into the facial animations for each character resulted in a limited ability to express emotion. They also noted that the mouth movements are well timed, but that the rest of the characters' facial movements are "static".[25] Game Informer commented that Blue Dragon lacked "jaw dropping" moments and was missing a nebulous "key element" to make it perfect.[6] 1UP.com also picked up on this, adding that Blue Dragon was missing "strong characters, gripping storytelling, and excellent pacing".[24] X-Play noted that the game was very visually pleasing but they said the game was like any other role-playing game.[4] Though most of the reviewers criticized the title in one way or another, they also all complimented it for its excellent graphics and music. Game Informer also noted that "the characters look like sculpted figurines wandering around a world built to scale".[6] GameSpy complimented the title's music and graphics saying the game had "phenomenal music; and magnificently rendered cutscenes".[28]


[edit] References
^ a b c d e f g h "Blue Dragon: Expanded Information". GameStop. Retrieved on 2008-07-01.
^ Gantayat, Anoop (2006-12-06). "Blue Dragon Arrives". IGN. Retrieved on 2008-07-22.
^ a b c "Blue Dragon Reviews". Game Rankings. Retrieved on 2008-03-21.
^ a b c Sewart, Greg. "Blue Dragon". X-Play. Retrieved on 2008-06-14.
^ Ashcraft, Brian (2006-10-06). "Blue Dragon Faceplate To Slay Japan". Kotaku. Retrieved on 2008-07-23.
^ a b c d Juba, Joe. "Blue Dragon". Game Informer. Retrieved on 2008-06-15.
^ Prima Games's Blue Dragon Official Game Guide Page 4
^ a b Prima Games's Blue Dragon Official Game Guide Page 5
^ a b Prima Games's Blue Dragon Official Game Guide Page 6
^ Prima Games's Blue Dragon Official Game Guide Page 7
^ Prima Games's Blue Dragon Official Game Guide Page 8
^ Perry, Douglass (2005-02-24). "Former Square President to Create Xbox 2 Games". IGN.
^ Perry, Douglass (2005-02-24). "Peter Moore on Mistwalker's RPGs". IGN.
^ Gantayat, Anoop (2005-05-02). "Blue Dragon Revealed". IGN.
^ a b Gantayat, Anoop (2005-05-13). "Pre-E3 2005: Blue Dragon Revealed". IGN.
^ Gantayat, Anoop (2005-11-30). "Blue Dragon Progress Report". IGN.
^ Gantayat, Anoop (2006-08-30). "Blue Dragon Still On Track for 2006". IGN.
^ IGN Staff (2006-11-21). "Mistwalker Plans Blue Dragon Sequel". IGN. Retrieved on 2007-03-28.
^ , Game Informer (166): 50-59, February 2007
^ Ashcraft, Brian (2006-11-15). "Blue Dragon: The Manga". Kotaku. Retrieved on 2006-11-30.
^ Simmons, Alex (2006-11-20). "Blue Dragon Manga Announced". IGN. Retrieved on 2006-11-28.
^ "Ral & Grad Volume 1". SimonSays.com. Retrieved on 2008-06-15.
^ "VIZ Media Named Master Licensor for Blue Dragon Anime Series". Anime News Network (2007-04-16). Retrieved on 2007-07-12.
^ a b Fitch, Andrew (2007-08-24). "Blue Dragon (Xbox 360)". 1UP.com. Retrieved on 2008-06-15.
^ a b Fahey, Rob (2007-08-24). "Blue Dragon". Eurogamer. Retrieved on 2008-06-15.
^ Ouroboros (2007-08-28). "Review: Blue Dragon". GamePro. Retrieved on 2008-06-15.
^ VanOrd, Kevin (2007-08-30). "Blue Dragon for Xbox 360 Review". GameSpot. Retrieved on 2008-06-15.
^ a b Graziani, Gabe (2007-08-17). "Blue Dragon Review". GameSpy. Retrieved on 2008-06-15.
^ a b c Brudvig, Erik (2007-08-15). "Blue Dragon Review". IGN. Retrieved on 2008-06-15.
^ "Blue Dragon (xbox360: 2007): Reviews". Metacritic. Retrieved on 2008-06-14.
^ Davies, Jonti (2006-12-07). "Blue Dragon sets Japan Ablaze". Joystiq. Retrieved on 2008-07-10.
^ Orry, James (2006-12-14). "Blue Dragon sells 80,000 in Japan". Pro-G. Retrieved on 2007-02-03.
^ Boyer, Brandon (2007-12-27). "Blue Dragon Tops Lifetime Xbox 360 Software Sales In Japan". Gamasutra. Retrieved on 2008-06-15.
^ GameSpot Staff (2007-03-16). "Q&A: Mistwalker's Hironobu Sakaguchi". GameSpot. Retrieved on 2007-06-18.

[edit] External links
Official Blue Dragon website
Xbox.com | Blue Dragon - Game detail page
Official Studio Pierrot's Blue Dragon website (Japanese)
Official TV-Tokyo Blue Dragon website (Japanese)
Official Viz Media Blue Dragon website
Official Cartoon Network's Blue Dragon website
Blue Dragon (anime) at Anime News Network's Encyclopedia
[show]v • d • eBlue Dragon series

Initial video game series Blue Dragon (Characters) · Blue Dragon 2

Spinoffs Blue Dragon Plus · Blue Dragon: Ikai no Kyojū

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blue dragon

Kamis, 22 Januari 2009




VALENTINE, OH....VALENTINE

Tanggal 14 Februari dirayakan sebagai ‘Hari Valentine’ atau hari kasih sayang. Pada hari yang khusus ini banyak orang
mengirimkan kartu atau kado spesial bagi orang yang mereka kasihi. Di Jepang perayaan ini ditandai dengan penyerahan kado berupa coklat berbentuk hati dari seorang wanita kepada pria yang dicintainya. Sebenarnya, kapan perayaan ini dimulai dan mengapa hal ini dilaksanakan? Nah, inilah ceritanya…..

Pada awal abad keempat sebelum masehi, bangsa Romawi biasa mengadakan pesta bagi salah satu dewa mereka yaitu
Lupercalia (Lupercus). Perayaan ini dilaksanakan pada pertengahan bulan Februari, bersamaan dengan musim kawin burung.

Pada pesta Lupercalia ini dilaksanakan suatu acara mencari jodoh yang cukup unik. Begini caranya. Para gadis menuliskan
namanya pada secarik kertas, kemudian dimasukkan ke dalam kotak. Para pemuda yang hadir akan mengambil kertas di
dalam kotak tersebut secara acak. Gadis yang terpilih akan menjadi pasangan pemuda tersebut sampai pesta Lupercalia yang berikutnya.

Acara jodoh-jodohan dalam pesta Lupercalia yang telah berlangsung selama 800 tahun ini ditentang oleh fihak gereja yang ada di Roma. Alasannya, hal ini merupakan perayaan kafir yang bertentangan dengan ajaran Kristen. Pada tahun 270 SM, seorang uskup dari Interamma bernama Valentine, memulai kembali kebiasaan ini dengan cara berbeda. Kaisar Roma yang berkuasa pada masa itu adalah Claudius II. Ia memberlakukan peraturan yang melarang orang-orang untuk menikah. Secara diam-diam uskup Valentine mengumpukan muda-mudi yang saling jatuh cinta untuk dinikahkan.

Hal ini diketahui oleh sang Kaisar, dan ia marah besar. Akibatnya, uskup Valentine ditangkap dan dipenjarakan. Ia harus
menyembah dewa orang Romawi jika tidak ingin dihukum. Valentine dengan keras menampik tawaran itu. Akhirnya, pada
tanggal 24 Februari tahun 270 M, ia dipukuli, dilempari batu dan akhirnya dipenggal.

Saat ia berada di penjara, Valentine berhasil menyembuhkan mata seorang gadis buta, anak penjaga menara, berkat imannya yang teguh dan kasihnya yang besar. Sebelum ia menghadapi saat terakhirnya, Valentine menulis sebuah kalimat "From Your Valentine" kepada gadis itu. Kalimat inilah yang menjadi ungkapan yang sering dipakai untuk mengungkapkan kasih sayang atau cinta pada seseorang di Hari Valentine.

Kebiasaan mengirimkan kartu Valentine yang sekarang ini sebenarnya tidak ada hubungannya dengan Uskup Valentine atau
pesta Lupercalia. Konon kartu Valentine ini adalah kartu yang pertama keluar untuk jenis kartu ucapan. Pada saat itu orang
belum mengenal jenis kartu ucapan yang lainnya. Saat pesta Lupercalia mulai ditinggalkan, para pemuda Romawi tetap
menggunakan kebiasaaan ini untuk mengajak kencan gadis idamannya dengan memberikan kartu tulisan tangan di tanggal 14 Februari. Tapi kartu Valentine yang sebenarnya pertama kali dikirim oleh Charles, seorang bangsawan dari Orleans, di tahun 1415 untuk istri tercintanya. Saat itu Charles sedang di penjara di Tower of London yang sekarang sudah menjadi museum. Dari sanalah kemudian kebiasaan mengirim kartu itu terus berkembang sampai sekarang.

Hari Valentine memang ditandai dengan kartu, gambar hati, warna merah muda dan Cupid. Cupid adalah malaikat kecil
bersayap yang selalu membawa panah asmaranya ke mana-mana. Dia sering dipakai untuk lambang cinta di hari kasih sayang. Hal itu karena menurut Mitologi Romawi, Cupid adalah anak laki-laki Dewa Venus, Dewa Cinta dan Kecantikan. Kalau orang tuanya saja Dewa Cinta, ya tidak heranlah kalau anaknya jadi lambang cinta … habis mukanya juga imut-imut dan menggemaskan, sih !

Bagaimana dengan orang Kristen? Perlukah merayakan Valentine? Agama Kristen dikenal sebagai agama kasih sayang, dan
tanda orang Kristen adalah perintah Yesus agar kita saling mengasihi (Yoh 15:12,17). Jadi sebenarnya walaupun hari kasih
sayang atau Valentine ada atau tidak, kita sebagai anak-anak Tuhan harus tetap menunjukkan kasih sayang kita kepada
sesama setiap hari, tidak cuma pada hari itu. Ya, kan?


Conclusion:
Setiap tahun pasti saja di majalah-majalah atau televisi ada artikel mengenai Valentine, apa dan sejarah Valentine itu. Yang lebih menarik lagi, hampir semua orang yang saya tanyai, tidak ada satupun dari mereka yang tahu apa sebenarnya atau latar belakang hari Valentine. Tetapi mereka semua 'merayakan' atau menjadi penggembira hari Valentine (padahal mereka sendiri tidak tahu apa latar belakang hari tersebut).

Saya tidak mengatakan bahwa latar belakangnya jelek atau salah. Tidak, sama sekali tidak. Yang jadi masalah adalah, kenapa kita mau melakukan sesuatu tanpa mengetahui latar belakangnya? Di luar negeri, hari Natal adalah suatu perayaan di mana waktunya untuk berbelanja dan berkumpul dengan keluarga, untuk bertemu dan saling memberikan hadiah. Bahkan tanggal 25 Desember adalah hari yang tersepi dan hening, karena semua toko tutup. Saya juga tidak habis pikir, kenapa sampai demikian? Sepertinya hari Natal merupakan hari yang terbesar, ya memang, karena sesuatu yang besar terjadi dan itu diperingati oleh kita. Tetapi bagi orang-orang di luar negeri, mereka sama sekali tidak tahu atau bahkan tidak pernah memikirkan apa itu 'Christmas'.

Demikian pula dengan hari Valentine, fenomenanya sudah sama persis dengan hari Natal di luar negeri. 14 Februari adalah dimana rave party yang diikuti pula dengan pesta sex pada akhirnya. Hal ini menjadi sesuatu yang lazim, dan sepertinya sudah biasa. Tidak lama lagi, kita semua akan mengikutinya. Berawal dari cokelat dan bunga (saya tidak tahu kenapa harus bunga dan cokelat, dont ask me), tetapi saya yakin akan terjadi suatu perubahan, dimana 'love' yang diidentikkan dengan 'kasih' itu akan bergeser nilainya dan digantikan oleh lust (nafsu).

Mengapa kita harus menunjukkan kasih sayang kita hanya pada tanggal 14 Februari? Saya percaya bahwa iblis akan selalu memakai kesempatan ini untuk membutakan mata kita, dan mengalihkan kita ke sesuatu yang salah, yaitu nafsu. Akankah kita terus menerus ditipu oleh dunia ini?

Do you believe in Valentines day? I don't. Why don't you make everyday a Valentines day?

Back

VALENTINE DAY

[sunting] Sejarah Hari Valentine

[sunting] Perayaan Kesuburan bulan Februari
Asosiasi pertengahan bulan Februari dengan cinta dan kesuburan sudah ada sejak dahulukala. Menurut tarikh kalender Athena kuno, periode antara pertengahan Januari dengan pertengahan Februari adalah bulan Gamelion, yang dipersembahkan kepada pernikahan suci Dewa Zeus dan Hera.
Di Roma kuno, 15 Februari adalah hari raya Lupercalia, sebuah perayaan Lupercus, dewa kesuburan, yang dilambangkan setengah telanjang dan berpakaian kulit kambing. Sebagai bagian dari ritual penyucian, para pendeta Lupercus meyembahkan korban kambing kepada sang dewa dan kemudian setelah minum anggur, mereka akan lari-lari di jejalanan kota Roma sembari membawa potongan-potongan kulit domba dan menyentuh siapa pun yang mereka jumpai. Terutama wanita-wanita muda akan maju secara sukarela karena percaya bahwa dengan itu mereka akan dikarunia kesuburan dan bisa melahirkan dengan mudah.

[sunting] Hari Raya Gereja
Menurut Ensiklopedi Katolik (Catholic Encyclopaedia 1908), nama Valentinus paling tidak bisa merujuk tiga martir atau santo (orang suci) yang berbeda:
seorang pastur di Roma
seorang uskup Interamna (modern Terni)
seorang martir di provinsi Romawi Africa.
Koneksi antara ketiga martir ini dengan hari raya cinta romantis tidak jelas. Bahkan Paus Gelasius I, pada tahun 496, menyatakan bahwa sebenarnya tidak ada yang diketahui mengenai martir-martir ini namun hari 14 Februari ditetapkan sebagai hari raya peringatan santo Valentinus. Ada yang mengatakan bahwa Paus Gelasius I sengaja menetapkan hal ini untuk mengungguli hari raya Lupercalia yang dirayakan pada tanggal 15 Februari.
Sisa-sisa kerangka yang digali dari makam Santo Hyppolytus dia Via Tibertinus dekat Roma, diidentifikasikan sebagai jenazah St. Valentinus. Kemudian ditaruh dalam sebuah peti emas dan dikirim ke gereja Whitefriar Street Carmelite Church di Dublin, Irlandia. Jenazah ini telah diberikan kepada mereka oleh Paus Gregorius XVI pada 1836. Banyak wisatawan sekarang yang berziarah ke gereja ini pada hari Valentine, di mana peti emas diarak-arak dalam sebuah prosesi khusyuk dan dibawa ke sebuah altar tinggi. Pada hari itu sebuah misa khusus diadakan dan dipersembahkan kepada para muda-mudi dan mereka yang sedang menjalin hubungan cinta.
Hari raya ini dihapus dari kalender gerejawi pada tahun 1969 sebagai bagian dari sebuah usaha yang lebih luas untuk menghapus santo-santa yang asal-muasalnya bisa dipertanyakan dan hanya berbasis legenda saja. Namun pesta ini masih dirayakan pada paroki-paroki tertentu.

[sunting] Valentinius
Guru ilmu gnostisisme yang berpengaruh Valentinius, adalah seorang calon uskup Roma pada tahun 143. Dalam ajarannya, tempat tidur pelaminan memiliki tempat yang utama dalam versi Cinta Kasih Kristianinya. Penekanannya ini jauh berbeda dengan konsep ... dalam agama Kristen yang umum. Stephan A. Hoeller, seorang pakar, menyatakan pendapatnya tentang Valentinius mengenai hal ini: "Selain sakramen permandian, penguatan, ekaristi, imamat dan perminyakan, aliran gnosis Valentinius juga secara prominen menekankan dua sakramen agung dan misterius yang dipanggil "penebusan dosa" (apolytrosis) dan "tempat pelaminan" ..." [1].

[sunting] Era abad pertengahan
Catatan pertama dihubungkannya hari raya Santo Valentinus dengan cinta romantis adalah pada abad ke-14 di Inggris dan Perancis, di mana dipercayai bahwa 14 February adalah hari ketika burung mencari pasangan untuk kawin. Kepercayaan ini ditulis pada karya sang sastrawan Inggris Pertengahan ternama Geoffrey Chaucer pada abad ke-14. Ia menulis di cerita Parlement of Foules (“Percakapan Burung-Burung”) bahwa
For this was sent on Seynt Valentyne's day (“Bahwa inilah dikirim pada hari Santo Valentinus”)
Whan every foul cometh ther to choose his mate (“Saat semua burung datang ke sana untuk memilih pasangannya”)
Pada jaman itu bagi para pencinta sudah lazim untuk bertukaran catatan pada hari ini dan memanggil pasanagan mereka "Valentine" mereka. Sebuah kartu Valentine yang berasal dari abad ke-14 konon merupakan bagian dari koleksi pernaskahan British Library di London. Kemungkinan besar banyak legenda-legenda mengenai santo Valentinus diciptakan pada jaman ini. Beberapa di antaranya bercerita bahwa:
Sore hari sebelum santo Valentinus akan gugur sebagai martir (mati syuhada), ia menulis sebuah pernyataan cinta kecil yang diberikannya kepada sipir penjaranya yang tertulis "Dari Valentinusmu".
Ketika serdadu Romawi dilarang menikah oleh Kaisar Claudius II, santo Valentinus secara rahasia membantu menikahkan mereka.
Pada kebanyakan versi legenda-legenda ini, 14 Februari dihubungkan dengan keguguran sebagai martir.

[sunting] Hari Valentine pada era modern
Hari Valentine kemungkinan diimpor oleh Amerika Utara dari Britania Raya, negara yang mengkolonisasi daerah tersebut. Di Amerika Serikat kartu Valentine pertama yang diproduksi secara massal dicetak setelah tahun 1847 oleh Esther A. Howland (18281904) dari Worcester, Massachusetts. Ayahnya memiliki sebuah toko buku dan toko peralatan kantor yang besar dan ia mendapat ilham untuk memproduksi kartu dari sebuah kartu Valentine Inggris yang ia terima. (Semenjak tahun 2001, The Greeting Card Association setiap tahun mengeluarkan penghargaan "Esther Howland Award for a Greeting Card Visionary".)

[sunting] Tradisi Hari Valentine di negara-negara non-Barat
Di Jepang, Hari Valentine sudah muncul berkat marketing besar-besaran, sebagai hari di mana para wanita memberi para pria yang mereka senangi permen cokelat. Namun hal ini tidaklah dilakukan secara sukarela melainkan menjadi sebuah kewajiban, terutama bagi mereka yang bekerja di kantor-kantor. Mereka memberi cokelat kepada para teman kerja pria mereka, kadangkala dengan biaya besar. Cokelat ini disebut sebagai Giri-choko, dari kata giri (kewajiban) dan choco (cokelat). Lalu berkat usaha marketing lebih lanjut, sebuah hari balasan, disebut “Hari Putih”(White Day) muncul. Pada hari ini (14 Maret), pria yang sudah mendapat cokelat pada hari Valentine diharapkan memberi sesuatu kembali.
Di Taiwan, sebagai tambahan dari Hari Valentine dan Hari Putih, masih ada satu hari raya lainnya yang mirip dengan kedua hari raya ini ditilik dari fungsinya. Namanya adalah "Hari Raya Anak Perempuan" (Qi Xi). Hari ini diadakan pada hari ke-7, bulan ke-7 menurut tarikh kalender kamariyah Tionghoa.
Di Indonesia, budaya bertukaran surat ucapan antar kekasih juga mulai muncul. Budaya ini cenderung menjadi budaya populer dan konsumtif karena perayaan valentine lebih banyak ditujukan sebagai ajakan pembelian barang-barang yang terkait dengan valentine seperti kotak coklat, perhiasan dan boneka. Pertokoan dan media (stasium TV, radio, dan majalah remaja) terutama di kota-kota b